Severin has an extensive background (over 40 years experience) with four-wheel drive vehicles, on and off road, in various conditions and countries. His company, Badlands Off-Road Adventures, offers 4WD training and 4WD tour service specializing in four-wheel-drive vehicles. The company has trained hundreds of students, including the Orange County (CA) Sheriff's Department, the Gas Company, the National Park Service, and the US Marine Corps.

For more information about Badlands Off-Road Aventures, visit 4x4training.com.

You’ve heard of David Letterman’s Top 10 list. I have one as well. But instead of poking fun at someone or something, my list is serious. It’s designed to prepare you and your vehicle for off-road driving. While these are ranked in order of importance, you should consider all recommendations to be critical to safe and successful four-wheeling.

1. Training
Everyone should take at least a basic off-road course from an instructor certified by the International 4-Wheel Drive Trainers’ Association. In those courses you cover a number of important topics, including safe four-wheel drive techniques, vehicle safety, trail etiquette, and environmental awareness. To find a certified training facility near you, visit the association website at http://www.i4wdta.org/.

2. Safety
Four-wheeling by its nature is done in hostile environments. At a minimum you can get some bumps and bruises. Cuts and sprains are possible too; even bug bites. A good first aid is comprised of at least four categories of products: tools, meds, wound care, and fracture kit, all stored in a water-proof container.

I also highly recommend you take a Wilderness First Responder course. They pack a lot of good information into the 72-hour course, such as how to deal with dislocations, severe cuts, anaphylaxic shock, and even fractures. To find a course near you, go to http://www.wildmed.com/.

Finally, make sure you have a good fire extinguisher in your vehicle. I suggest an ABC-rated 3 lb. rechargeable extinguisher with a gauge and a metal nose on it. (A plastic nose will break off.) Mount it where it’s accessible quickly and visible but secure so it’s not bouncing around in the vehicle.

3. Communication
You need to stay in touch while on the trails. CB is really popular out there. There are lots of brands and models to choose from, but I’ve heard good things about Cobra brand radios (Off-Road.com recently installed a small hand-held Cobra unit here). You could also consider getting licensed as a ham radio operator. That would give you access to more radio frequencies, which extends your options.

Regardless of the route you go, make sure you mount your equipment well. Off-road driving creates a lot of vibration inside the vehicle, which affects any equipment you are carrying.

If you decide on CB, buy the standard ¼-wave antenna. Those long whip-like antennas you sometimes see are not practical off-road, and in fact can be quite dangerous.

4. Recovery Strap and Tow Point
Have a 20,000-pound-rated strap (ultimate breaking strength) with loops sewn in the ends as opposed to metal hooks. Remember that this is a recovery strap, not a towing strap. They’re two inches wide and available in 20- and 30-foot lengths. I usually buy one of each to give myself options on distance. But you can get by with one, to start.

Tow points should be integrated into the vehicle frame if it doesn’t already have towing hooks on the front and back ends. Go to a reputable shop, and make sure the tow points are rated for the gross vehicle weight (GVW).

5. Tires
Replace the passenger tires with a good set of all-terrain or mud-terrain tires suited to your vehicle. Those provide better performance and hold up much better off road. Drive your vehicle for at least a year before making major modifications, such as adding traction control aids, bigger tires, and other mechanical aids. This way you will develop your driving skills.

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